6027例孕产妇及新生儿TORCH检测结果分析

目的分析6 027例孕产妇及新生儿TORCH病原体感染情况。方法采用酶联免疫分析法对6 027例孕产妇及新生儿人群进行TORCH-IgM和TORCH-IgG检测。结果受检人群中单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)Ⅰ、HSVⅡ、风疹病毒(RV)、弓形虫(TOXO)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)IgM阳性率分别为0.02%、0.02%、0.12%、0.12%和0.20%;受检人群中HSVⅠ、HSVⅡ、RV、TOXO、CMV IgG阳性率分别为63.32%、13.31%、52.83%、12.68%和58.57%。新生儿CMV-IgM阳性率高于孕产妇,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),共检出10例新生儿CMV急性感染患者。结论孕产妇和新生儿TORCH筛查有助于围产期感染性疾病的检出。     

海口市2012～2014年危重孕产妇监测分析

目的 分析海口市2012～ 2014年孕产妇妊娠合并症与并发症的发生原因及变化规律,探讨其主要影响因素,为降低孕产妇死亡提供科学依据.方法 采用回顾性方法对2012 ～ 2014年在海口市3所监测医院产科入院的孕产妇资料进行分析.结果 海口市2012～2014年共监测的孕产妇32063例,妊娠合并症与并发症的发生率34.31％,危重孕产妇发生率0.22％,危重孕产妇病死率1.39％.＜20岁及≥35岁年龄组的妊娠合并症与并发症的发病率明显高于其它年龄组,随着妊娠次数的增多其发病率增高,随着孕期产检次数的增多其发病率降低,阴道分娩的发病率明显低于剖宫产,差别均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 加大健康教育,提高孕产妇自我保健意识,提高服务质量,多学科合作和提高危重孕产妇的综合救治能力是降低孕产妇死亡的关键环节.     

Syphilis: Understanding Traditional and Reverse Screening Algorithms

Interpreting syphilis screening tests can be a challenge for health care providers. Clinical laboratories primarily use the reverse algorithm to screen for syphilis; however, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend the traditional algorithm. Both algorithms require the interpretation of 2 different serologic assays for screening and confirmation. Serologic testing used in both algorithms is reviewed for nurse practitioners to correctly interpret test results to establish a timely diagnosis and provide stage-appropriate treatment.     

87例妊娠梅毒患者临床特征和妊娠结局的回顾性分析

对我院2015年1月1日至2018年12月31日诊治的87例妊娠梅毒患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析，结果示潜伏梅毒80例，一期梅毒和二期梅毒患者分别为4例和3例。潜伏梅毒患者中RPR滴度≤1:4者59例，≥1:8者21例。一期梅毒和二期梅毒患者中RPR滴度≤1:4者1例，≥1:8者6例；87例患者中，72例（82.76%）在孕期进行了抗梅毒治疗。妊娠梅毒患者的不良妊娠结局发生率为23.53%，其中先天梅毒的发生率为3.80%。RPR滴度、梅毒诊断孕周及治疗情况与不良妊娠结局的发生相关(均P＜0.05)。     

219例妊娠合并梅毒母婴传播阻断疗效的分析

目的探究妊娠合并梅毒感染孕妇母婴阻断对妊娠结局及胎儿预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2015年1月至2017年12月大连医科大学附属妇产医院行孕期产检及分娩时诊断为妊娠合并梅毒的219例病例资料,根据是否进行母婴阻断及阻断的时机,将其分为早期规范干预组(孕周期<28周)187例,晚期规范干预组(28<孕周期≤35周)5例及未干预/未规范干预组(孕周期>35周)27例。观察两组患者的妊娠结局、胎儿预后以及胎儿梅毒血清学实验。结果纳入妊娠合并梅毒219例,其中接受规范化干预的患者192例(87.7%),未发生早产、新生儿死亡、死胎事件,发生先天性梅毒2例(1.0%)。未干预/未规范干预组27例患者中发生先天梅毒6例(22.2%)、早产4例(14.8%)、新生儿死亡2例(7.4%)、死胎4例(14.8%),明显高于规范干预组(P<0.05)。低血清TRUST滴度组妊娠合并梅毒患者均未发生早产、新生儿死亡、死胎,仅发生天性梅毒2例(1.5%)。其中,先天性梅毒、早产、死胎的发生于TRUST滴度成spearman正相关,具有统计学意义(P=0.011、0.023、0.001)。结论孕期规范的青霉素干预可明显避免妊娠合并梅毒患者发生不良妊娠事件。     

Disclosure of HIV serostatus among pregnant and postpartum women in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Disclosure of one's HIV status can help to improve uptake and retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services; yet, it remains a challenge for many women. This systematic review evaluates disclosure rates among pregnant and postpartum women in sub-Saharan Africa, timing of disclosure, and factors affecting decisions to disclose. PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched to identify relevant studies published between January 2000 and April 2014. Rates of HIV serostatus disclosure to any person ranged from 5.0% to 96.7% (pooled estimate: 67.0%, 95% CI: 55.7%–78.3%). Women who chose to disclose their status did so more often to their partners (pooled estimate: 63.9%; 95% CI: 56.7%–71.1%) than to family members (pooled estimate: 40.1; 95% CI: 26.2%–54.0%), friends (pooled estimate: 6.4%; 95% CI: 3.0%–9.8%), or religious leaders (pooled estimate: 7.1%; 95% CI: 4.3%–9.8%). Most women disclosed prior to delivery. Decisions to disclose were associated with factors related to the woman herself (younger age, first pregnancies, knowing someone with HIV, lower levels of internalized stigma, and lower levels of avoidant coping), the partner (prior history of HIV testing and higher levels of educational attainment), their partnership (no history of domestic violence and financial independence), and the household (higher quality of housing and residing without co-spouses or extended family members). Interventions to encourage and support women in safely disclosing their status are needed.     

Multiple primary syphilis on the lip,nipple–areola and penis: An immunohistochemical examination of Treponema pallidum localization using an anti‐T. pallidum antibody

Primary syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum usually develops after sexual contact as an initial solitary sclerosis or hard chancre in the genital region. We describe a case of primary syphilis at three sites in genital and extragenital regions of a man who had sex with men. A 29‐year‐old man visited our hospital for skin lesions on his lower lip, nipple–areola and penis. A positive syphilis serological test for rapid plasma reagin had a titer of 1:16; the patient also tested positive for specific antibodies against T. pallidum, with a cut‐off index of 39.0. Histopathological examination of a nipple–areola biopsy specimen revealed a thickened epidermis and dense infiltration of inflammatory cells extending from the upper dermal layers to the deep dermis. The inflammatory cells were composed of abundant lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes and neutrophils. Immunohistochemical staining for T. pallidum using an anti‐T. pallidum antibody showed numerous spirochetes in the lower portion of the epidermis, scattered inside inflammatory cell infiltrate and perivascular sites throughout the dermis. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with primary syphilis. Treatment with oral amoxicillin hydrate was started. Five days after starting treatment, a diffuse maculopapular rash (syphilitic roseola) occurred on his trunk and extremities. Perivascular cuffing due to T. pallidum was present throughout the dermis in the biopsy specimen of a localized lesion of primary syphilis. Moreover, syphilitic roseola, which indicates generalized dissemination of T. pallidum, developed during the course of treatment for primary syphilis. Therefore, we considered perivascular cuffing to be indicative of the dissemination phase.     

产后访视健康教育在产妇产褥期中的应用效果

目的探讨产后访视健康教育在产妇产褥期的临床应用效果。方法选取本社区240例产妇按照双盲随机原则将其分成2组,对照组120例行常规健康指导,观察组120例在对照组基础上加强产后访视健康教育,对比2组产妇对于产褥期健康知识的掌握程度和并发症发生率。结果观察组患者坚持母乳喂养率、产妇产褥期健康知识掌握评分、焦虑自评量表分数和对照组对比差异显著(P0.05)。结论产妇产褥期的访视过程中行健康教育能够显著提升患者对于健康知识的了解情况、以及母乳喂养的认识,降低产后并发症,改善产妇的心理状态。